101 Robot Kontes di UGM

101 Robot Kontes di UGM
Ilsutrasi–ANTARA/Muhamad Nasrun/rj

YOGYAKARTA–MICOM: Sebanyak 101 robot dari 51 perguruan tinggi di Indonesia akan berlaga dalam Kontes Robot Nasional (KRN) 2011 di Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Kontes di auditorium Grha Sabha Pramana ini akan berlangsung dua hari, Sabtu (11/6) dan Minggu (12/6).

KRN merupakan kompetisi yang mempertemukan para pemenang kontes robot di tingkat regional yang diselenggarakan di masing-masing regional yaitu Regional I Poltek Negeri Batam, Regional II ITT Bandung, Regional II Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Regional IV PENS Surabaya, dan Regional V Untad Palu. Continue reading

Tabel Periodik Ditambah Dua Unsur Baru

WWW.ELEMENTSDATABASE.COM

KOMPAS.com – Tabel periodik punya dua anggota baru, unsur 114 dan 116. Keduanya merupakan unsur kimia terberat. Unsur 114 memiliki berat 289 satuan massa atom, sedangkan 116 memiliki berat 292 satuan massa atom.

Kedua unsur sebetulnya sudah ditemukan lebih dari 10 tahun–114 ditemukan tahun 1999, 116 ditemukan tahun 2000. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry dan International Union of Pure and Applied Physics baru memasukkannya sekarang setelah melalui berbagai pembuktian.

Saat ini, 114 dan 116 disebut ununquadium dan ununhexium. Akan tetapi, para penemu yang berasal dari Rusia mengajukan nama “flerovium” untuk 114 diambil dari nama fisikawan nuklir Georgy Flyorov. Unsur 116 diusulkan diberi nama “moscovium” yang berasal dari Moscow Oblast. (National Geographic Indonesia/Alex Pangestu)

Sumber : http://sains.kompas.com/read/2011/06/08/00053940/Tabel.Periodik.Ditambah.Dua.Unsur.Baru

Powering Ahead

Jet engines dominate the gas turbine industry, but other sectors are also primed for growth.
By Lee S. Langston

Shale gas used to be a fairly obscure geological phenomenon. Indeed, a search through news stories archived by Google shows that as recently as 2005, the words shale gas appeared in only 157 published articles and press releases. Last year, however, shale gas broke through to the big time: Google’s news archive has more than 6,000 articles, and a documentary about gas drilling was nominated for an Academy Award.

To be sure, not all the attention was positive. The documentary, for instance, focused on environmental damage attributed to the method for recovering shale gas known as hydraulic fracturing. And the word fracking was lifted from petroleum industry jargon to become something of a pejorative.

The recent rise of shale gas was, however, welcomed in the gas turbine industry. Thanks to abundant supplies of natural gas, the cost of the fuel remained relatively inexpensive—the average wellhead price hovered around $4 per thousand cubic feet for much of last year, less than half its price two years before. For gas turbines, an expansion in the natural gas industry, which has become a worldwide phenomenon not only because of shale gas in the U.S. but also the development of liquefied natural gas as a global commodity, will likely lead to growth in the mechanical drive gas turbine market. A natural gas pipeline needs roughly one gas turbine-driven compression station every 100 km to make up for the pressure losses. And a whole variety of mechanical drive gas turbines are needed in LNG trains, the very expensive, multipart facilities that cool and condense natural gas to a liquid phase.  The latter is 600 times denser than gas and more easily transportable in special LNG tankers. Continue reading

Removing Heat from a Reactor in Shutdown

Boiling water reactors of the Fukushima vintage were constructed with multiple, overlapping alternatives for removing decay heat during shutdown situations.
By Bruce Mrowca

Shutting down a nuclear power plant is not as simple as flipping a switch. Following a plant shutdown, decay heat, a byproduct of nuclear fission, initially produces about 6 percent of the steady state power. That heat decreases over time at a rate dependent on the fuel type, reactor history, and power levels experienced during operation. Decay heat removal has been long recognized as an important plant safety function and is typically mitigated with many layers of defense and redundant systems.

Those systems are usually of no major concern to anyone outside the power plant. But in the weeks since March 11, when a combination of an earthquake and a tsunami shut down the boiling water reactors at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan, the means by which engineers at a shutdown reactor remove decay heat has taken on worldwide importance.

The Fukushima plant features boiling water reactors, known as BWRs, which operate at lower pressures than the other main light-water reactor technology, the pressurized water reactor. Because of the lower pressure, when the demineralized water flows through the reactor core, the absorbed heat makes the water boil. In normal operation, after water droplets are removed, the resulting steam is fed to a turbine that powers a generator. Continue reading

From Whales to Fans

A second look at a piece of sculpture led to a promising technology.
By Alan S. Brown, Associate Editor

This is a story about a man named Fish who noticed something unusual about whale flippers and who, after nearly 30 years, turned it into a technology platform.

Frank Fish and a partner, Stephen Dewar, founded a company named Whale Power to market the technology, which takes its inspiration from the natural design of the bumps, or tubercles, on humpback whale flippers. According to Dewar, applying to airfoils what Fish and others learned from whales improves lift without increasing drag. He said that 24-foot-diameter fans based on tubercle technology use half the number of blades and move 25 percent more air and consume 25 percent less power than fans with conventional blades turning at the same speed. Whale-inspired fans are already available, and wind and tidal power blades could be next.
From Whales to Fans - Humpback whale breach

Humpback whale breach. Frederick Sound, Alaska
As startling as Dewar’s claims sound, the story of how the fans reached commercialization is far more surprising. Continue reading

Biomass Attributes, Handling, and Processing Issues for Large Power Plants

By Daniel Mahr, P.E.
Energy Associates, P.C.
Montville, NJ, USA

WHY BIOMASS?

The power industry is confronting challenges with seemingly conflicting goals. Large, solid-fuel power plants provide the reliability and flexibility utilities require for baseload, cycling, and on-demand situations. They provide the economy of scale needed to minimize the cost of production. Consumers, including industry, rely on affordable, dependable electrical energy. It’s an important part of our economy and our daily lifestyle. Reducing emission levels and conserving our finite resources are key components for achieving a sustainable environment.

Historically, biomass powered society’s early development, and its ability to power our needs today is being reassessed, as a means to recycle carbon emissions. Biomass is a resource that can be substituted for coal, in varying degrees for existing pulverized coal (PC) plants. New, large power plants are being designed to utilize biomass as the primary fuel, most notably in circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFB) boilers.
Biomass is available now. New products and sources are being developed, as the market unfolds.

While biomass-fired plants have been a part of the scene for some time, they have typically been relatively small, 25 to 50 MW, and often address specialized, local conditions. Biomass units on the scale of 300 MW and larger present a number of different and important challenges. The plant’s ability to effectively utilize biomass fuel products is more important for this technology scale-up. Continue reading

Bahan Antipeluru Lebih Ringan dan Murah

RMIT

KOMPAS.com — Seorang ilmuwan ahli teknologi tekstil dari Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) berhasil mengembangkan material baru untuk bahan rompi antipeluru yang lebih ringan dan murah.

Rompi antipeluru sejak lama menggunakan bahan baku kevlar, yakni suatu serat sintesis sekuat baja. Hasilnya, rompi tersebut tahan menangkal serangan peluru, tetapi cenderung berat dan kaku. Namun, Dr Rajiv Padhye berhasil mengembangkan rompi yang terbuat dari campuran bahan wol dan kevlar. Continue reading

Swiss Kembangkan Sel Tenaga Surya Lebih Murah

Swiss Kembangkan Sel Tenaga Surya Lebih Murah
empa.ch/vg

EMPA, laboratorium Swiss, telah mengambil langkah besar dalam pengembangan sel pembangkit listrik tenaga surya. Para ilmuwan telah menemukan sel fleksibel berbiaya rendah yang hampir seefisiensi sel dari silikon atau kaca yang lebih mahal.

Hal itu merupakan terobosan kecil, tetapi signifikan dalam memanfaatkan sumber energi terbarukan.

Pada Kamis (19/5), Empa, Laboratorium Sains dan Teknologi Federal Swiss, mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah meningkatkan efisiensi sel surya fleksibel sekaligus membuat rekor dunia baru yakni sebesar 18,7 persen. Ini merupakan perbaikan signifikan atas rekor sebelumnya 17,6 persen yang juga dibuat Empa. Continue reading

Mendidik Robot Menggunakan Pedang

GEORGIA TECH Robot dilatih menggunakan pedang agar bisa merespon secara sempurna.

KOMPAS.com — Dalam sebuah paper yang dipresentasikan pekan ini di IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) di Shanghai, China, ilmuwan dari Georgia Tech, AS, Tobias Kunz, memamerkan metode baru untuk menyempurnakan respons gerak robot otomatis. Namun, cara yang dikembangkannya cukup unik karena robot dilatih menggunakan pedang.

Menurut Kunz, si robot mesti dibekali dulu dengan pedang dan dididik untuk menggunakannya. Membingungkan kan? Jika memang tujuannya membuat robot lebih aman dipakai, mengapa harus memberikan pedang kepadanya? Continue reading

Listrik dari Gelombang Laut Menjanjikan

KOMPAS/LASTI KURNIA Kelompok nelayan tradisional yang menangkap ikan dengan tombak di Uma Rai, Pulau Pura, Alor, Nusa Tenggara Timur.

KOMPAS.com – Gelombang laut dan bandul lonceng menjadi inspirasi Zamrisyaf. Periset pada Divisi Penelitian dan Pengembangan PT PLN (Persero) ini merancang pembangkit listrik dengan energi gelombang laut yang menggerakkan bandul kemudian diubah menjadi energi penggerak roda gila dan turbin listrik.

“Teknologi ini sudah mendapatkan hak paten dan siap dikomersialkan,” kata Zamrisyaf, Kamis (19/5/2011) di Jakarta. Zamrisyaf mendaftarkan teknologi pembangkit listrik tenaga gelombang laut-sistem bandulan (PLTGL-SB) untuk mendapatkan paten sejak tahun 2002.

Awalnya Zamrisyaf menekuni bidang pembangkit listrik mikrohidro. Kemudian, suatu perjalanan dengan kapal mendatangkan inspirasi baginya untuk merancang PLTGL-SB. Pada perjalanan itu, kapal diterpa badai dengan gelombang laut tinggi. Kapal berayun-ayun. Lonceng kapal pun berdentang. Zamrisyaf menyimak rumah lonceng beradu dengan bandulannya.

“Gelombang laut memiliki energi yang diteruskan bandulan lonceng. Bandulan lonceng menghasilkan energi bunyi, tetapi bandulan pada PLTGL-SB rancangan saya menghasilkan listrik,” kata Zamrisyaf. Ia mengutip hukum kekekalan energi bahwa energi tidak dapat diciptakan dan dimusnahkan, tetapi diubah.

Zamrisyaf mengubah energi gelombang laut menjadi energi listrik melalui perantara energi gerak bandulan yang menjadi penggerak roda gila. Pada akhirnya, roda gila menggerakkan turbin atau dinamo yang berputar dan menghasilkan listrik.(Nawa Tunggal)

Sumber : http://sains.kompas.com/read/2011/05/20/14243145/Listrik.dari.Gelombang.Laut.Menjanjikan